Learn about Lightning Ridge, mining, and history below! You can shop all of our opals, including available Lightning Ridge strands here: Opals
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Historical Mining Techniques:
- Years ago, miners used manual methods, sinking vertical shafts with picks and shovels.
- They followed opal-bearing levels by candlelight, bringing opal dirt to the surface using hand-operated windlasses.
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Modern Mechanized Mining:
- Today, opal mining is more mechanized and capital-intensive.
- Miners with sufficient capital can obtain Opal Prospecting Licenses (28-day or 3-month) and use a nine-inch auger drill to prospect designated areas.
- After identifying a viable area, they peg and register a 50m by 50m mineral claim and sink a three-foot vertical shaft using drilling rigs.
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Opal Occurrence and Extraction:
- Opal is typically found at depths of 10 to 30 meters below the surface in a layer of claystone (opal dirt) beneath sandstone.
- Miners remove opal dirt using jackhammers or hydraulic digging machines.
- Transport methods include large buckets on automated hoists or “blowers” (large vacuum cleaners).
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Processing and Sorting:
- In areas with opal nodules (“nobbies”), opal dirt is washed in “agitators” or converted cement mixer bowls.
- The opal dirt dissolves in water, leaving behind precious and common opal (tailings).
- Tailings are sorted to identify precious opal, which is then cut, polished, and sold to wholesalers.
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Specific Locations:
- Opal-bearing clay around Grawin, Glengarry, and Sheepyards (southwest of Lightning Ridge) is not often washed, as opal occurs in identifiable seams underground.
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Challenges and Rarity:
- Discovering a valuable “pocket” of opal requires processing many tonnes of dirt.
- Due to sporadic occurrence and rarity, only a fortunate few strike it rich.
- Location: Lightning Ridge, known as the world’s major source of gem-quality black opal, is situated approximately 770 kilometers northwest of Sydney and 50 kilometers due south of the Queensland border.
- Economy: The economy of Lightning Ridge primarily relies on opal mining and secondarily on tourism.
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Discovery and Mining History:
- Opal was first discovered at Lightning Ridge by boundary rider Jack Murray in 1900.
- Mining began in 1903, but substantial production only occurred after the late 1950s with the introduction of mechanized mining methods.
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Opal Fields:
- The majority of opal mining occurs within the Narran-Warrambool Reserve, part of the Lightning Ridge Mineral Claims District.
- Major opal fields include Lightning Ridge itself, Coocoran (17 km west of Lightning Ridge), Grawin, Glengarry, Sheepyards, Carter’s Rush, Mulga Rush (80 km southwest of Lightning Ridge), and New Angledool or Mehi (50 km north of Lightning Ridge).
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Prospecting and Mining Conditions:
- Opal occurs sporadically, and special conditions apply to prospecting and mining within the Reserve.
- Opal Prospecting Licenses (28-day or, in some cases, three-month licenses) are available for designated Opal Prospecting Blocks.
- There is a restriction of two mineral claims per person, with each claim measuring 50 m by 50 m.
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Production and Sales:
- Accurate records of Lightning Ridge opal production value are not kept.
- Most black opal is sold as cut and polished stones.
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Community and Culture:
- Lightning Ridge has a diverse and individualistic culture, mainly due to its self-employed population.
- Many residents are semi-permanent, leaving during hot summer months.
- Approximately 2,500 people are on the electoral roll, while over 5,000 collect their mail from the Post Office.
- The township itself is not very large, but many miners live in semi-permanent “camps.”
